2. Classification of epidemiological study designs

2.1 Descriptive epidemiology

Definition

This is the study of the distribution of a disease and the cause of death of members of a population in relation to the age, sex, and geographic origin of the individuals.

This is the study of the historical changes of the distribution of a disease.

Information can be obtained from various sources :

  • Medical records of diseases (e.g. cancer)

  • Registers of diseases that are mandatorily reported (e.g. tuberculosis)

  • Death certificates

  • Specific studies (in hospitals, in laboratories, in communities, etc.).