| Genome | The DNA content of a cell. |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | Within the DNA genome, there are a large independent DNA fragments called chromosomes. |
| Chromatid | One of the 2 nucleofilaments that make up the chromosome. Before DNA replication, the chromosome is monochromatidian. After DNA replication , the 2 DNA daughter molecules form two chromatids (called sister chromatids). The chromosome is said to be bi-chromatidian. |
| Prokaryotic cell | A bacterial-type cell without a nucleus. DNA is loosely distributed in the cytoplasm. |
| Eukaryotic cell | An animal or vegetal cell with a nucleus containing DNA. |
| Haploid genome | Only one single copy of a chromosome is present in each cell. |
| Diploid genome | Two copies of each chromosome are present in each cell (in humans, one copy is derived from the father, and one copy from the mother). |