Protein synthesis

5. Mutations

5.2 Kinds of mutations within the coding sequence

10% of mutations

a. A base is changed

This kind of mutation will modify the sequence of the primary transcript, and will have variable consequences:

• Silent mutation: the novel codon encodes the same amino acid.

• Conservative mutation: The novel amino acid has the same properties as the prior one.
  Properties of the protein practically unaltered.

• Missense mutation: The novel amino acid has radically altered properties.
  Folding and/or properties of the protein affected.

• Nonsense mutation: The novel codon is a stop codon
  Protein shortened (and often rapidly degraded).